Automatic Seed Sowing Agricultural Robotic Machine
ABSTRACT
This
presents a system with high speed of operation for an advanced agriculture
process which includes cultivation based on robotic platform. The robotic
system is an electromechanical and artificial agent which is steered by DC
motor which has four wheels. The farm is cultivated by the machine, depending
on the crop considering particular rows & specific columns.
The infrared
sensor detects the obstacles in the path and it also senses turning position of
vehicle at end of land. The seed block can be detected and solved using water
pressure. The machine can be controlled remotely and solar panel is used to
charge DC battery. Assembly language is used in programming the
microcontrollers. The microcontroller is used to control and monitor the
process of system motion of vehicle with the help of DC motor. The result of
implemented unit is also presented. Keywords Agriculture Robots,
Seed block mechanism, Solar panel, DC motor and Microcontroller [1].
1.1 Problem
Statement:
There
are number of techniques for sowing the crops. But these techniques have some
disadvantages like: By using manual sowing technique, the required man power is
more. Time required is more using manual techniques. Also the sowing is done by
using tractor but by using tractor more wastage of seeds occurs. Energy
required to complete the work is also very high. By using tractors more
pollution occurs such as air pollution. The size and weight of such machinery
is high. So such sowing instruments are very expensive.
1.2 Introduction:
In the current generation most of the countries do not
have sufficient skilled man power specifically in agricultural sector and it
affects the growth of developing countries. So it’s a time to automate the
sector to overcome this problem. In India there are 70% people dependent on
agriculture. Innovative idea of our project is to automate the process of
sowing crops such as sunflower, baby corn, groundnut and vegetables like beans,
lady’s finger, pumpkin and pulses like black gram, green gram etc & to
reduce the human effort and increase the yield. The plantation of seeds is
automatically done by using DC motor. The distance between the two seeds are
controlled and varied by using Microcontroller. It is also possible to
cultivate different kinds of seeds with different distance. When the Robot
reaches the end of the field we can change the direction with the help of
remote switches. The whole process is controlled by Microcontroller [1].
1.4 Methodology:
The
four sensors are used like IR sensor, block sensor, Empty sensor &Proximity
sensor.IR sensor used for detecting the
obstacle, Seed block sensor consist two advanced seed plantation machine
consists of three storage hopers in which the seeds to be planted are stored.
Below the hopers rotary drums are provided. It is having hole throughout. In
which LDR type sensor which detects the blockage in cultivation pipe by using
nand gate, Proximity sensor i.e. Metal detector detects one complete rotation
of tire wheel.
The microcontroller acts as central processing unit
of the system. When it receives the start command from the keyboard, then
barrier motor starts, the machine starts moving in the forward direction. Near
to the tire wheel a proximity sensor is provided. During one complete rotation
of the tire, the sensor provides one logic pulse. This logic pulse goes to the
switching circuit, then to the microcontroller. It is expected that the rotor
will rotate once after receiving one pulse. One seed is dropped that directly
goes to ground. Then the soil is spread over the seed so that the seed properly
goes below the soil.
Before the seed is dropped proper digging line is
also formed with the help of a projection provided. It is a self driven barrier with geared DC motors. The DC voltage is
provided to motors. Out of four wheels the two wheels are provided with motor
drive and two wheels is driven automatically one more dc motor is provided to
rotate the rotary drum. If the front
tire complete one cycle, then the drum rotate and plant seed. The operation
will be repeated. The number of seeds planted will be shown on LCD display [1].
Fig. Block Diagram of Seed Plantation
Machine
